The first instalment of policy briefs covers the overarching policy structure in Indonesia, explaining the relevance of issues within the Post-2015 Development Agenda that integrates the SDGs, and provides policy recommendations that link directly to national development planning. The Post-2015 Development Agenda covers traditional issues of development such as ending poverty and eradicating disease, and also explicitly addresses emerging issues such as climate change and sustainable consumption and livelihoods. The growing complexity of challenges to development is strategically visualised, showing that there is a need for a multi-sectoral approach to policymaking in order to address concerns sufficiently and appropriately. Indonesia needs bureaucratic reforms to strengthen intersectoral coordination so that both traditional and contemporary development issues can be effectively resolved. Currently, Indonesia’s most recent National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015-2019 provides an effective framework that is in line with SDGs, but given the decentralized government structure, there is a need to ensure that these are effectively mainstreamed into planning systems at all levels. The biggest challenge faced by the new agenda relates to its ability to facilitate transformation, and thus quantitative development targets that link back to the SDGs need to be identified- including targets for the Gini coefficient, average length of schooling, Human Development Index, gender equity, greenhouse gas emissions, and others. Although strategies have been developed as part of the RPJMN, quantified targets that also include broadened definitions of measurable information will help to realise the goals of both the RPJMN and the Post-2015 Development Agenda.